Borneo elephant or the Borneo pygmy elephant, Elephas maximus borneensis Deraniyagala, 1950 Sabah/Borneo.

Elephas maximus borneensis is the Bornean elephant, a subspecies of the Asian elephant restricted to north eastern Borneo, with most herds in Sabah and a small population in Kalimantan. Genetic work shows that these elephants are not a recent human introduction but reflect a natural colonisation and long isolation since late Pleistocene times. They are the smallest living elephants among extant taxa of Elephas maximus and often show relatively large ears, long tails that may touch the ground, and comparatively straight tusks in males. In June 2024 the subspecies was assessed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, with around one thousand individuals remaining, and principal threats include loss and fragmentation of lowland forest and conflict with people. The name reflects classical and New Latin roots. The generic name Elephas derives from Latin elephantus and Greek elephas meaning elephant or ivory. The specific epithet maximus is the Latin superlative of magnus meaning greatest. The subspecific epithet borneensis is a New Latin adjective formed from Borneo plus the suffix ensis which denotes origin or association with a place.