Calliophis intestinalis (thepassi?) (LAURENTI, 1768) of Sarawak/Borneo around 1050m ASL.

Calliophis intestinalis is a highly venomous elapid from Southeast Asia (e.g., Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java), mainly nocturnal and partly leaf-litter/ground-dwelling. When threatened it flips to expose its strongly banded belly and bright red tail as a warning. Its diet is predominantly ophiophagous (mostly small snakes, including blindsnakes); reliable evidence for other prey is scarce. Reproduction: oviparous; robust data on clutch size or incubation are limited. The venom is proteomically dominated by PLA₂ and three-finger toxins; clinically, myotoxic effects are prominent, sometimes with flaccid paralysis (Naᵥ blockade reported). Acute lethality appears lower than in some congeners, and common antivenoms show limited efficacy.