Kinabalu horned frog, Pelobatrachus baluensis (Boulenger, 1899) former Xenophrys baluensis of Sabah / Borneo

Pelobatrachus baluensis is a montane frog in the family Megophryidae that is endemic to northern Borneo in Sabah, Malaysia, with a confirmed range on Mount Kinabalu and the Crocker Range from about 1200 to 1900 meters. It was described by George Albert Boulenger in 1899 as Leptobrachium baluense from Mount Kinabalu at 1280m, and the epithet baluensis is linked to that type locality. The species inhabits moist montane forest and nearby streams, and like other Asian horned frogs it relies on leaf litter crypsis and pointed eyelid skin extensions for camouflage. Its generic placement has shifted among Xenophrys and Megophrys before a modern revision resurrected Pelobatrachus in 2021 and placed baluensis within it. Records from outside Kinabalu and the Crocker Range have been judged to represent other species, which underscores the narrow distribution of this taxon.